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Jasper
 

	Jasper is an opaque and fine grained variety of Chalcedony. It is found in red, brown, pink, yellow, green, grayish white and shades of blue and purple.
	The name comes from the Latin name for the gem “Iaspis”, which probably also referred to the other types of Chalcedony.
	Jasper is normally cut as cabochons and has traditionally been used as a gemstone for Jewelry such as brooches, earrings, necklaces, pendants, intaglios (i.e. a design carved into or beneath the surface of a gemstone) and cameos (i.e. a gem carved in relief), as well as carvings and mosaics.

Jasper was used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans who carved portraits and ornamental objects such as amulets. It was believed that the person wearing Jasper would be protected from illness, especially stomach problems.
 

Jasper was a favorite gem in ancient times and is referenced in Greek, Hebrew, Assyrian and Latin literature. For example Jasper is one of “The Stones of Fire” (Ezekiel 28:13-16) who were given to Moses at the Mountain of God and said to possess the power to summon angels. Moses then decreed them mounted into a sacred breastplate for his brother, the high priest Aaron (Exodus 28:15-30). In the New Testament (Revelations 21:19), Jasper is one of the twelve gemstones set in the foundations of the city walls of Jerusalem. As compiled by Andreas, Bishop of Caesurae, one of the earliest writers to tie the Apostles with the symbolism of the twelve gems of Jerusalem, Jasper was for the Apostle St. Peter.
 

In some Native American cultures, Jasper is considered to be the symbolic blood of the Earth, and was thus thought to be one of the best gems for connecting with the deep, stabilizing energies of the Earth.
 

According to crystal healers, Jasper is an intensely protective gem, acting to stabilize the aura and rid it of dysfunctional energy thereby facilitating relaxation, contentment and compassion.